Nuffield Health Bournemouth Hospital, Lansdowne Road, Bournemouth, UK
For inquiries about cataract surgery, macular degeneration, or retinal disorders, please call 01202 702841.
About intravitreal injections
Intravitreal Injections for Macular Disease
What Are Intravitreal Injections?
Intravitreal injections are medications given directly into the eye to treat conditions affecting the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision such as reading and recognising faces.
They are commonly used to treat macular diseases that cause swelling, leakage, or abnormal blood vessel growth, and are one of the most effective treatments for preserving and improving vision.
What Conditions Are Treated?
Intravitreal injections are commonly used for:
- Wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD)
- Diabetic macular oedema
- Macular oedema due to retinal vein occlusion
- Other conditions affecting the macula, as advised by your ophthalmologist
What Medicines Are Used?
The most commonly used medicines are called anti-VEGF drugs. These reduce leakage and abnormal blood vessel growth.
Examples include:
- Aflibercept
- Ranibizumab
- Faricimab
In some cases, steroid injections or implants may be used instead or in addition.
Your doctor will explain which treatment is most suitable for you.
Why Are Injections Needed?
Macular diseases often cause fluid or bleeding in the retina, leading to blurred or distorted vision. Intravitreal injections:
- Reduce retinal swelling
- Slow or stop disease progression
- Help stabilise or improve vision
They do not usually cure the condition but help control it over time.
The Injection Procedure
Before the Injection
You will usually have vision tests and a retinal scan (OCT) (either the same day, or at the previous appointment).
Eye drops are used to numb the eye
Antiseptic drops (usually iodine-based) are used to reduce infection risk
During the Injection
The procedure is performed in a clean clinical environment
A small instrument keeps the eyelids open
The injection takes only a few seconds
You remain awake throughout
The procedure is usually quick and painless, though you may feel slight pressure.
After the Injection
Vision may be blurred for a few hours
You may see floaters or small bubbles temporarily
Mild irritation or a gritty sensation is common
You can usually go home shortly after the injection.
How Often Are Injections Given?
Treatment usually starts with a series of injections
Further injections are given based on response and scan results
Some patients need long-term treatment, others less frequently
Your ophthalmology team will discuss your individual treatment plan.
Benefits of Intravitreal Injections
- Proven to preserve vision
- Often improve vision, especially if started early
- Help prevent further sight loss
- Early and regular treatment gives the best outcomes.
Risks and Side Effects
Intravitreal injections are very safe, but possible risks include:
Common and Mild
- Redness of the eye
- Mild discomfort
- Temporary floaters
Uncommon but Serious
- Infection inside the eye (endophthalmitis)
- Retinal detachment
- Bleeding inside the eye
- Significant rise in eye pressure
Serious complications are rare, but urgent assessment is essential if symptoms occur.
When to Seek Urgent Advice
Contact your eye unit immediately if you experience:
- Increasing pain in the eye
- Worsening redness
- Sudden drop in vision
- Increasing sensitivity to light
Do not wait for your next appointment.
Living with Ongoing Treatment
Regular attendance is essential for best results
Many patients continue treatment for months or years
Support services and low vision aids may be helpful
Your eye care team will support you throughout treatment.
Driving and Intravitreal Injections
You must meet DVLA visual standards to drive. Do not drive on the day of treatment if your vision is blurred. Your clinician can advise you.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the injection painful?
Most patients find it uncomfortable rather than painful. Anaesthetic drops are used.
Will I need injections forever?
Some people require long-term treatment; others may stop if the condition stabilises.
Can both eyes be treated?
Yes, both eyes can be treated on the same visit.
Further Information and Support
Macular Society (UK)
RNIB
